Modern science is typically divided into three major branches: natural sciences (e.g., biology, chemistry, and physics), which study the physical world the social sciences (e.g., economics, psychology, and sociology), which study individuals and societies and the formal sciences (e.g., logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science), which study formal systems, governed by axioms and rules. Science is a neutral, rigorous, systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. This article was originally published with the title "A Year of Wonder, Awe and Discovery" in SA Special Editions 31, 6s, 1 (December 2022)ĭoi:10.Chronology of the universe as deduced by the prevailing Big Bang theory, a result from science and obtained knowledge
And may this collection demonstrate that science can also offer returns beyond policy and a sound and just society-in pure wonder and awe. Scientific experts must advocate science and reason as the foundation of public policy. And Russian authorities use digital tools to repress truthful information about their country's invasion of Ukraine.Īs evinced by harmful laws that hinder health care for transgender young people, the revoking of a federal right to abortion, and the undoing of protective gun laws, a troubling disdain for scientific evidence and reason plagued many policy developments in 2022. An in-depth investigation by reporter Katie Worth reveals the ways that oil industry representatives influence what children learn in school about climate change. militia groups whose actions are becoming more violent. Sociologist Amy Cooter writes about the psychology of some radicalized U.S. Science elucidates nearly every societal issue we face. And another poorly understood wonder was illuminated by science: the potential cause of ghostly glowing ocean water, records of which go back more than 150 years. Intriguing new findings illustrate how birds use Earth's magnetic field to migrate thousands of miles every year, a long-standing mystery in biology.
Warming global temperatures are fracturing ice shelves and melting glaciers in Antarctica and elsewhere. Many countries experienced record-breaking heat waves in 2022, and temperatures will not be cooling off any summer soon. A planet-size network of powerful telescopes brought the behemoth black hole at the center of the Milky Way into focus in September, and the result is astounding.
After mere months of operation, JWST is sending images that are already turning physics inside out and, astronomers hope, might foster new clarity in one of the biggest debates in cosmology. health-care system is responsible for an unnecessarily high death toll from COVID.īack to one of the most significant achievements of the year: the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope. A new analysis speculates that the troubled U.S. To start, mind and mental health researchers have identified the underpinnings of two fascinating, complex psychological phenomena: the injurious experience of gaslighting and children's inheritance of trauma from their parents. This collection presents some of Scientific American's best articles, as chosen by our editors, related to the most important events of 2022. The past year saw inspiring revelations not only in space and physics but also in biology, ecology, technology, and beyond. As one of the lead scientists working with the scope's near-infrared camera said, “We are now seeing that the science returns are probably going to be even greater than we had dared to hope.” The luminous set of pictures reminds us that despite an ongoing and devastating global pandemic, research and discovery in all disciplines have carried on. Gorgeous photographs of swirling galaxies, fiery nebulas and newborn stars stunned the world. Last July, NASA revealed the first images sent back from its highly anticipated new space telescope.
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